Combination burner nozzle



Nov. 24, 1959 H. WIANT 2,914,257

COMBINATION BURNER NOZZLE Filed Jan. 2, 1959 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 3 18 FIG. 3

I -74 r 84 I m HUGH W/ANT 73 72 INVENTOR.

FIG. I.

ATTORNEY Nov. 24, 1959 WIANT 2,914,257

COMBINATION BURNER NOZZLE Filed Jan. 2, 1959 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 IIII'H HUGH W/ANT INVENTOR.

BY 1 I ATTORNEY Fatentecl Nov. 24, 1959 hire COMBINATION BURNER NOZZLE Hugh Wiant, Sapulpa, Okla.

Application January 2, 1959, Serial No. 784,598

6 Claims. (Cl. 239-401) The present invention relates to fuel burners and more particularly to a combination burner adapted for burning either a liquid or a gaseous fuel or a combination of both such fuels.

In order to obtain efficient combustion in a furnace using oil as a fuel it is necessary that the oil be divided into the smallest possible particles or as nearly as possible atomized. This is ordinarily accomplished by forcing the fuel oil through relatively small ducts which communicates with streams of gas, air or steam, to form a primary mixture. This mixture is then further projected into the furnace while simultaneously admitting a desired amount of air to provide the necessary oxygen for complete combustion.

The present application is an improvement of a patent issued to me on February 27, 1951, numbered 2,543,617, for a liquid and gaseous fuel burner.

The principal object of the present invention is to provide a burner of the type disclosed in the above said patent of increased efiiciency and improved construction wherein the eificiency of the burner of the present invention is accomplished, in part, by the provision and means or arrangement of parts whereby the oil used is more finely divided or broken up to more nearly achieve atomization.

Another object is to provide an improved burner adapted to use one or two fuels, or either of said fuels, without disconnecting or changing any parts.

Another object is to provide a burner of this class having an improved tip arranged to burn fuels of different characteristics such as oil and gas from the same discharge orifices or ports.

A particular object of the invention is to provide a burner of this class which includes an improved tip having 'a forward beveled end provided with ribs defining grooves therebetween whereby the ribs support a head,

thus forming discharge orifices or ports.

A further object is to provide a burner of this class wherein the fuel discharging orifices are formed in a manner to impart a rotative movement to each of the fuel streams projected-from such orifices.

The present invention accomplishes these and other objects by providing a first hollow conductor or sleeve having a centrally bored partition adjacent one end. A bushing is threadedly secured within the first conductor, adjacent its end portion opposite the partition, for dividing the first conductor into a gas chamber and a mixing chamber. A second tubular conductor is slidably and rotatably received by the bores of the bushing and partition. The first conductor has a beveled seat surface on its end adjacent the bushing which seats a head formed on the closed end of the second conductor while the open end of the second conductor projects beyond the end portion of the first conductor end having the partition. Sockets and ducts formed in the bushing cooperate with ports formed in the second conductor for communication of oil from the second conductor and gas from the gas chamber with the mixing chamber.

Grooves cut in the beveled seat of the first conductor substantially tangential with respect to the circle on which the sockets are formed in the bushing and each having an arcuate outwardly curving bottom surface impart a twisting or rotating movement to streams of mixed fuel projected from the mixing chamber into a furnace.

Other objects will be apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying two sheets of drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view, partly in elevation, of the completed burner;

Figure 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view on an enlarged scale taken substantially along line 2--2 of Fig. 1;

Figure 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view, partly in elevation, taken substantially along line 33 of Fig. 2;

Figure 4 is an end elevational view of the outer sleeve or conductor, illustrating the manner of forming grooves in the end thereof;

Figure 5 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken substantially along line S5 of Figure 4; and

Figure 6 is a fragmentary side elevational view of the ejection end of the conductor shown in Fig. 4.

Like characters of reference designate like parts in those figures of the drawings in which they occur.

In the drawings: 7

In the drawings, referring more particularly to Figs. 1 to 3, the reference numeral 10 indicates the burner, as a whole, which is substantially cylindrical in general configuration. The numeral 12 indicates, as a whole, an elongated cylindrical casing or conductor formed of two tubular sections 14 and 16 threadedly joined together as at 18. A gas or steam pipe 20 is connected with the wall of the section 14 for communication with the bore 15 thereof. The conductor 12 is designed to be extended through the air box and wall of a furnace, not shown, with the pipe 2% and end 22 of the conductor projecting exteriorly of the furnace. A partition 24 integrally formed with the section 14 has an axial opening 26 and extends transversely across the bore of the section 14 near the rear or outer end 22. An annular flange 28 is formed Within the section 14 adjacent the partition 24. The outer or rear end of the section 14 is internally threaded at 30 to receive an externally threaded flanged packing gland 32. An annular boss 34 projects axially from the packing gland 32 and has a snug sliding fit Within the flange 23 when the gland is threaded into the section 14. An axial bore 36, having the same diameter as the bore 26 of the partition 24, is formed within the packing gland 32 and its boss 34. The outer end portion of the bore of the packing gland is enlarged and provided with threads 38 for receiving a centrally bored nut or follower 445 having a hexagonal flanged outer end for the purposes which will presently be apparent.

A cylindrical tube or conductor 42 is concentrically disposed within the bore of the conductor 12 and projects beyond both ends thereof as is shown in Fig. l. The conductor 42 extends through the opening 26 of the partition 24, outwardly through the bore 35 of the gland 32 and the bore 41 of the follower A plurality of "packing rings 43, or other suitable packing material, are confined within the flange 28 around the conductor 42, whereby the gland 32 may be screwed into the section 14 and distort the packing for a snug fluid and gas tight fit around the conductor 42. A connecting block 44 having an angular passageway 45 therethrough is screw-threaded to the outer end of the conductor 42. A fuel supply line '46 is connected to the opposing end of the passageway 45 for delivering fuel to the bore of the conductor 42 from a source of supply, not shown. A helical spring 47 is interposed between the block 44 and the flanged end bf th'e follower e0 whereby the spring is under constant tension 3 to displace the block 44 from the follower for the reasons hereinafter explained.

Before its assembly with the section 14 an externally threaded bushing 50 is threadedly inserted into the section 16. The bushing 50 is substantially cylindrical and has an annular collar 51 projecting axially from both of its ends. The bushing is centrally bored as at 52 for closely receiving the second conductor 42. The inward end 53 of the section 14 is seated against the outer end 54 of the bushing 50 for maintaining the latter in position. Thus it may be seen that the bushing 56, in co-operation with the partition 24, forms a gas or steam chamber 55 within the section 14.

The purpose of the bushing 50 is to provide a means of communication for gas from the gas chamber 55 and oil from the conductor 42 with a mixing chamber 56 in the forward end portion of the section 16. To accomplish this the conductor 42 is provided with ports 58 through its wall at a point intermediate the ends of the bushing 50. The bore 52 of the bushing is enlarged to form a recess 60 around the ports 58. A first series of circumferentially equally spaced sockets 62 are formed in the end 54 of the bushing 50 on a circle around the collar 51. The sockets 62 each terminate intermediate the ends of the bushing. A second like series of circumferentially equally spaced sockets 64 are formed in the inward end 65 of the bushing 50 in staggered relation between the respective sockets 62 and on a similar circle around the collar 51. The sockets 64 terminate intermediate the ends of the bushing at a point where each of the sockets 64 communicate with the terminal end of two of the sockets 62. Thus, the sockets 62 provide a means for dividing the gas or steam from the chamber 55 into a plurality of streams which streams are further divided by the staggered sockets 64 as the gas or steam passes therethrough into the mixing chamber 56. A third like series of circumferentially spaced-apart sockets 66 are formed in the periphery of the bushing 50 with the axes thereof in alignment with and substantially normal to end of the respective socket 66 to the wall of the bushing defining the recess 60 for conveying fluid from the recess to the axes of streams of gas or steam passing through the sockets 62 and 64.

The forward end of the conductor 42 is plugged or preferably made solid, as shown, to form a stem 70 whereby oil within the conductor is made to pass out through the ducts 68. A fiat head 72, having substantially the same diameter as the section 16, is formed on or secured to the stem 70 and has its rear side beveled, as at 73, to co-act with a complementary beveled surface or seat 74 formed on the inward end of the section 16. The wall of the section 16 is further beveled, as at 77, to enlarge the inward end of the bore of the section. A plurality of substantially channel-shaped grooves 76 are formed in the surface of the seat defining a series of ribs 78 against which the beveled surface 73 of the head 72 is seated by the action of the spring 47 so that the grooves 76 form, in co-operation with the beveled surface of the head, a plurality of orifices for the passage of mixed fuel from the mixing chamber -6.

The position and shape of the groves 76 is important and they are preferably formed by a milling cutter 80 of a selected diameter and width. The cutter is disposed substantially tangent with respect to the circle on which the first and second series of sockets 62 and 64 are formed. The cutter 80 is positioned partially within the open or beveled end of the section 16 and the latter is moved so that the cutter cuts one of the grooves 76 in the beveled surfaces of the section. This milling or cutting is repeated by repositioning the section 16 a number of times thus forming a series of equally spaced grooves each substantially tangent to the circle on which the first and second series of sockets 62 and 64 are formed in the bushing 50. As is clearly shown in Fig. 4 the walls 82 and 83 forming opposing sides of each groove 76 are parallel. Fig. 5 illustrates the approximate position of the milling action of the cutter with respect to the wall of the section 16. Thus, it may be seen that the cuter 80 is stopped short of a complete pass through the wall of the section, but is stopped at the position illustrated which, an examination of the'drawing will reveal, forms an arcuate surface 84 on the section 16 defining the bottom of the respective groove which, being complemental to the radius of the cutter 80, curves arcuately outward toward the peripheral or forward edge of the beveled surface 74. Thus the edge 85 defining the inward end of each groove 76 is disposed rearwardly of the edge 86 defining the outer end .as is clearly shown by Fig. 5. Each edge 86 defining the outer end of each groove is formed on an incline directed rearwardly of the section 16 from the wall 82, defining one side of each respective grove, to the wall 83, defining the opposing side of the respective groove, due to the angle of the tangentially disposed cutter at its coincidence with the periphery of the section 16. Thus, it may be seen that the surface 84 forming the bottom of each groove curves arcuately forward and that the juncture of the surface 83, defining one wall of each groove, with the bottom 84 is disposed rearwardly of the juncture of the opposite wall 82 with the, bottom surface 84 particularly at the outer end portion of the respective groove. Forming the grooves 76 in this manner tends to impart an axial rotative movement or twist to each of the streams of mixed fuel forced outwardly through the grooves and promotes a more efficient mingling with oxygen resulting in more perfect combustion of the fuel.

Operation Inoperation the burner 10 assembled as above described is positioned within an air mixing chamber, not shown, with the head or forward end of the burner projecting into a furnace, not shown. Suitable valves, not shown, are provided on the gas or steam line 29 and oil or liquid line 46 for controlling the supply of fuel to the first and second conductors. Gas and oil may be used together but more satisfactory results will be obtained Where one or the other is used individually. When oil is used steam is an advantageous adjunct, but with gas steam is not necessary. When gas alone is used the oil supply valve, not shown, will be closed. Gas from the line 20 flows through the chamber 55, the bushing 50 and out of the chamber 56 through the grooves or orifices 76 where it is properly mixed with air admitted by the air mixing chamber, not shown.

When using oil and steam, oil is admitted to the bore of the second conductor 42 while steam is admitted to the gas chamber 55 from the line 20. Oil striking the closed end of the conductor 42 is directed out through the ports 58 and through the ducts 68 to where it is picked up by the streams of steam passing through the series of sockets 62 and 64. Since the oil, being under pressure, is directed through the ducts in fine streams the steam easily mingles with the oil and carries the same through the bushing 50 into the fuel mixing chamber 56 in a jet action. Here the oil is atomized by the steam and is projected out of the burner through the grooves or orifices 76 in a plurality of streams each having a rotative action. Since the streams formed by the plurality of grooves are each directed more or less tangentially the combined effect results in a whirling motion of the mixed fuel entering the furnace.

The spring 47 maintains the beveled surface 73 of the head 72 in contact with the seat 74 and permits rotation of the head and conductor 42 at selected intervals for cleaning the head of any carbon collecting thereon or within the grooves 76.

Obviously the invention is susceptible to some change or alteration without defeating its practicability, and I therefore do not wish to be confined to the preferred embodiment shown in the drawings and described herein, further than I am limited'b'y the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A combination burner for atomizing a liquid fuel by a gas and projecting the same into a furnace, including: a first hollow conductor adapted to be supplied with a gas under pressure; a second hollow conductor having one closed end; a centrally bored spacing bushing secured withinsaid first conductor and slidably and rotatably supporting said second conductor within said first conductor; a gas supply member fixedly connected with said first conductor; a liquid fuel supply member connected with the open end of said second conductor; means for establishing communication for liquid fuel from said second conductor to a liquid and gas mixing position inside said first conductor, said means including ports formed in the wall of said second conductor, a recess formed in the wall of the bore of said bushing around the ports in the wall of said second conductor, a first series of radially spaced-apart sockets formed in one end of said bushing and terminating intermediate its ends for dividing said gas into a plurality of streams, a second series of radially spaced-apart sockets formed in the opposite end of said bushing, said second series of sockets being staggered with respect to said first series of sockets so that eacn terminal end of each of the sockets of said second series of sockets communicates with the terminal end of two of the sockets of said first series of sockets for dividing said gas streams issuing from said first series of sockets, a third series of sockets formed around the periphery of said bushing in radially aligned relation with respect to said second series of sockets and with the axes thereof substantially normal to the axes of said second series of sockets, said third series of sockets terminating adjacent the axes of said second series of sockets for communication therewith and with said first series of sockets, and a series of radially spaced-apart ducts formed in said bushing between the inward ends of said third series of sockets and the wall of the bushing defining the recess; and means for dividing the mixture into a plurality of streams and projecting the latter from said burner in a circular direction.

2. A combination burner for atomizing a liquid fuel by a gas and projecting the same into a furnace, including: a first hollow conductor adapted to be supplied with a gas under pressure; a second hollow conductor having one closed end; a centrally bored spacing bushing threadedly secured within said first conductor for partitioning the latter into a gas chamber and a mixing chamber, said bushing slidably and rotatably supporting said second conductor within said first conductor with the open end of said second conductor projecting beyond the adjacent end of said first conductor; a gas supply member fixedly connected with said first conductor in communication with said gas chamber; a liquid fuel supply member connected with the open end of said second conductor; means for establishing communication for liquid fuel from said second conductor and gas from said gas chamber with said mixing chamber, said means including ports formed in the wall of said second conductor at a position intermediate the ends of said bushing, a fuel receiving recess formed in the wall defining the bore of said bushing intermediate its ends for communication with said ports, a first series of radially spaced-apart sockets formed in the end of said bushing adjacent the gas chamber for dividing gas issuing from said gas chamber into a plurality of streams, said first series of sockets terminating intermediate the ends of said bushing, a second like series of radially spaced-apart sockets formed in the end of said bushing opposite said first series of sockets, said second series of sockets being staggered with respect to said first series of sockets so that the terminal end of each socket of the second series communicates with the terminal end of two of the sockets of said first series for dividing said gas streams issuing from said first series of sockets, a third like series of sockets formed in the periphery of said bushing in radially aligned relation with respect to said second series of sockets and with the axes thereof substantially normal to the axes of said second series of sockets, each one of the sockets of said third series terrninatin'g adjacent the axis of the respective one of said second series of sockets, and a like series of radially spaced-apart ducts formed in said bushing in axial aligned relation with respect to said third series of sockets, said ducts extending between the inward ends of said third series of sockets and the wall of the bushing defining the recess; and means for dividing the mixture within said mixing chamber into a plurality of streams and projecting such streams from said burner in a circular direction.

3. Structure as specified in claim 2 in which the last mentioned means includes: an inwardly converging tapered surface formed on the end of said first conductor adjacent said mixing chamber; a head formed on the closed end of said second conductor, said head being substantially equal diametrically with respect to said first conductor and having a tapered surface adapted for seating on the tapered surface of said first conductor, said first conductor having a plurality of channel-like grooves formed in its tapered surface for dividing fuel from said mixing chamber into a plurality of streams. each groove being formed substantially tangential with respect to the circle on which said first and said second series of sockets are formed, the surface of said first conductor forming the bottom of each said groove being formed on a radius curving arcuately outward toward the periphery of said head and forming an inclined outer end edge for the bottom of each said groove at its coincidence with the periphery of said first conductor for imparting an axial rotative movement to each respective stream of fuel issuing from said grooves.

4. A combination burner for atomizing a liquid fuel by a gas and projecting the same into a furnace, includingi a first hollow conductor adapted to be supplied with a gas under pressure, said first conductor having a centrally bored partition adjacent one end and having a beveled seat formed on its end opposite the partition; a second hollow conductor having one closed end and having a head formed on its closed end, said head having a beveled surface adapted for sealing with said seat; a centrally bored spacing bushing threadedly secured within said first conductor for partitioning the latter and forming a gas receiving chamber and a fuel mixing chamber, said bushing and said partition slidably and rotatably receiving said second conductor with the open end of said second conductor projecting beyond the end of the first conductor adjacent the partition; a gas supply member fixedly connected with said first conductor in communication with said gas chamber; a liquid fuel supply member connected with the open end of said second conductor; means for establishing communication for liquid fuel from said second conductor and gas from said gas chamber with said mixing chamber, said means including ports formed in the wall of said second conductor at a position intermediate the ends of said bushing, a fuel receiving recess formed in the wall defining the bore of said bushing intermediate its ends for communication with said ports, a first series of radially spaced-apart sockets formed in the end of said bushing adjacent the gas chamber for dividing gas issuing therefrom into a plurality of streams, said first series of sockets terminating intermediate the ends of said bushing, a second like series of radially spaced-apart sockets formed in the opposite end of said bushing, the axes of said second series of sockets being staggered with respect to the axes of said first series of sockets so that the terminal end of each socket of the second series communicates with the terminal end of two of the sockets of said first series for dividing said gas streams issuing from said first series of sockets, a third like series of sockets formed in circumferential spaced relation in the periphery of said bushing in radially aligned relation with respect to said second series of sockets with the axes thereof substantially normal to the respective axes of said second series of sockets, each one of the sockets of said third series terminating at the axis of the respective one of said second series of sockets, and a like series of radially spaced-apart ducts formed in said bushing in axial aligned relation with respect to the axis of the respective one of said third series of sockets, said ducts extending between the inward ends of said third series of sockets and the wall of the bushing defining the recess; and means for dividing the mixture within said mixing chamber into a plurality of streams and projecting such streams from said burner with a whirling motion.

5. Structure as specified in claim 4 in which the last mentioned means includes: a plurality of circumferentially spaced-apart chanel-like grooves formed in the surface of the seat of said first conductor for dividing fuel issuing from said mixing chamber into a plurality of streams, each groove being formed substantially tangential with respect to the circle on which said first and said second series of sockets are formed, the surface of said first conductor forming the bottom of each said groove being formed on a radius curving arcuately out- Ward toward the periphery of said head and forming an inclined outer end edge for the bottom of each respective groove at its coincidence with the periphery of said first conductor for imparting an axial rotative movement to each respective stream of fuel issuing from said grooves.

6. A combination burner for atomizing a liquid fuel by a gas and projecting the same into a furnace, including: a first hollow conductor adapted to be supplied with a gas under pressure, said first conductor having a centrally bored partition adjacent one end and having a beveled surface forming a seat on its end opposite the partition; a second hollow conductor having one closed end and having a head formed on its closed end, said head having a beveled surface adapted for sealing engagement with said seat; a centrally bored spacing bush- 8 ing threadedly secured within said first conductor in its end portion opposite said partition for partitioning said first conductor and forming a gas receiving chamber and a fuel mixing chamber, said bushing and said partition slidably and rotatably receiving said second conductor with the open end of said second conductor projecting beyond the end of said first conductor adjacent the partition; a gas supply member fixedly connected with said first conductor in communication with said gas chamber; a liquid fuel supply member connected with the open end of said second conductor; means for establishing communication for liquid fuel from said second conductor and gas from said gas chamber with said mixing chamber, said means including ports formed in the wall of said second conductor at a position intermediate the ends of said bushing, two series of sockets formed in opposing ends of said bushing in radially staggered relation forming a plurality of passageways theret'nrough for dividing gas from said gas chamber into a plurality of streams, radially spaced ducts formed in said bushing for communication between the ports in said second conductor and the respective axial center of one series of sockets; and means for dividing mixed fuel from said mixing chamber and projecting the same into a furnace, said last mentioned means including a plurality of circumferentially spaced-apart grooves formed in the surface forming said seat, each groove being formed substantially tangential with respect to the circle on which the series of sockets are formed, the surface of said first conductor forming the bottom of each respective groove being formed on a radius curving arcuately outward toward the periphery of said head and forming an inclined outer end edge for the bottom of each respective groove at its coincidence with the periphery of said first conductor for imparting a rotative movement to each respective stream of mixed fuel issuing from said grooves.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,233,304 Bleakley Feb. 25, 1941 2,276,131 Wiant Mar. 10, 1942 2,358,386 Doll Sept. 19, 1944 2,543,617 Wiant Feb. 27, 1951 'a-l- L 

